Why Our Latest GDP Data Isn’t Likely to Result in Interest Cut Rates - For Now

Sluggish 3rd quarter data means the Bank of Canada is unlikely to cut its policy rate - though it risks the need for more aggressive cuts in the future.

Last week, Statistics Canada confirmed that our annualized GDP growth slowed to 1.3% in the third quarter, down from a short-term spike of 3.5% in Q2.

Here are the highlights from the latest data:

• In real terms, our GDP grew by 0.3% during the quarter, which was down from 0.9% in Q2.
• Business investment led the way, advancing 2.6% and marking its best tally since the fourth quarter of 2017.
• Housing investment also increased by 3.2%, its fastest pace since Q1 2012.
• Household spending grew by 0.4% in Q3, while household disposable income rose by 0.9%. Relatedly, our household saving rate increased from 1.7% in Q2 to 3.2% in Q3, its highest level since 2015. That said, 3.2% is still considerably lower than our long-term average saving rate of 7.59% and well below the current U.S. saving rate of 7.8%.
• Export sales volumes declined by 0.4% in Q3 (after increasing by 3.1% in the Q2). Our export sales growth has now slowed to 1.5% on an annualized basis, and that number has dropped in three of the past four quarters.
• Our GDP grew by only 0.1% in each of August and September, offering no sign of improving momentum as we head into the fourth quarter.

The Bank of Canada (BoC) had forecast third-quarter annualized GDP growth of 1.5% in its latest Monetary Policy Report (so the headline result came in lower than its forecast), but the result was a little higher than the 1.2% annualized rate the consensus predicted.

Bluntly put, it will take a material change in our economic outlook to compel the BoC to cut its policy rate, and that wasn’t evident in the latest data. The Bank will like that domestic demand proved more robust than expected and that business investment rebounded in the third quarter, but neither trend is likely to be sustained if our export sales continue to weaken.

The Bank’s mandate is to maintain price stability by keeping inflation near its 2% target, and last month our overall Consumer Price Index (CPI) came in at 1.9%, while our three key CPI sub-measures of inflation continued to hover at or slightly above 2% (which I wrote about in last week’s post).

I continue to believe that at some point the BoC will have to drop rates to weaken the Loonie and stimulate our moribund rates of economic growth, but the Bank remains determined not to cut until inflation materially weakens. Of course, if and when this happens, the BoC may then have to lower by more than it would have done had it acted pre-emptively. That, however, is a risk it appears willing to take.

The Bottom Line: If you’ve got a variable-rate mortgage, the odds of a rate cut in the near future are remote (and last week’s GDP data aren’t likely to alter those odds). The futures market is still betting that the BoC will cut at some point in the first half of 2020, but that point has now been pushed further out.

For anyone in the market for fixed-rate mortgages, the latest GDP data had very little impact on the Government of Canada bond yields they are priced on. That said, if the BoC adopts a more dovish tone when it meets this Wednesday, that could make a difference. I’ll be watching.

David Larock is an independent full-time mortgage broker and industry insider who works with Canadian borrowers from coast to coast. David's posts appear on Mondays on this blog, Move Smartly, and on his blog, Integrated Mortgage Planners/blog.

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